中国塑料 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 99-106.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2025.12.016

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磷酸锆纳米片修饰单组分聚磷腈膨胀型阻燃剂制备及阻燃聚丙烯研究

孙锦游1(), 陈奕燊1, 陈勇军1, 林明华2, 王瑶2, 王华2, 郑斌2, 李靖2, 李红强1, 曾幸荣1, 赖学军1()   

  1. 1.华南理工大学材料科学与工程学院,广东省高性能与功能高分子材料重点实验室,广州 510640
    2.康命源(贵州)科技发展有限公司,贵州 安顺 561104
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-14 出版日期:2025-12-26 发布日期:2025-12-22
  • 通讯作者: 赖学军(1983-),男,教授、博士生导师,主要从事阻燃高分子材料的制备与应用研究,msxjlai@scut.edu.cn
    E-mail:13689504379@163.com;msxjlai@scut.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:孙锦游(2003-),男,本科生,主要从事阻燃高分子材料的制备与应用研究,13689504379@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技计划项目(2024年度中央引导地方科技发展资金:黔科合中引地[2024]020);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2022B0101090001);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划资助项目(202410561005)

Preparation of zirconium phosphate nanosheet⁃decorated single⁃component polyphosphazene IR and its performance/mechanism in PP

SUN Jinyou1(), CHEN Yishen1, CHEN Yongjun1, LIN Minghua2, WANG Yao2, WANG Hua2, Zheng Bin2, LI Jing2, LI Hongqiang1, ZENG Xingrong1, LAI Xuejun1()   

  1. 1.School of Materials Science and Engineering,Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,China
    2.Kangmingyuan (Guizhou) Science and Technology Development Co,Ltd,Anshun 561104,China
  • Received:2025-01-14 Online:2025-12-26 Published:2025-12-22
  • Contact: LAI Xuejun E-mail:13689504379@163.com;msxjlai@scut.edu.cn

摘要:

以六氯三聚磷腈(HCCP)、笼状磷酸酯(PEPA)、N⁃烷氧基受阻胺(T152)和磷酸锆纳米片(ZrP)等为原料,制备了ZrP修饰单组分聚磷腈膨胀型阻燃剂(RQPZS⁃ZrP),并将其用于阻燃聚丙烯(PP)。研究了T152、ZrP和RQPZS⁃ZrP的用量及配比对PP/RQPZS⁃ZrP阻燃性能和热稳定性能等的影响,深入探讨并揭示了RQPZS⁃ZrP对PP的阻燃作用机理。结果表明,当RQPZS⁃ZrP的用量为25 %(质量分数,下同)时,PP/RQPZS⁃ZrP的极限氧指数(LOI)提高至30.3 %,并通过UL 94 V⁃0级,其热释放速率峰值、总热释放速率和总烟释放量较PP分别降低了82.3 %、45.3 %和48.0 %;在燃烧过程中,RQPZS⁃ZrP的磷腈环和笼状磷酸酯经酯化、环化和交联等分子内成炭反应,形成致密的膨胀炭层,有效抑制了PP的降解和燃烧;RQPZS⁃ZrP的N⁃烷氧基受阻胺基团发挥了自由基猝灭作用,抑制PP的降解;而ZrP纳米片发挥了催化成炭作用,促进PP交联成炭,形成类石墨结构的致密炭层,同时充当膨胀炭层的支撑骨架,提高炭层的强度和阻隔作用。

关键词: 聚丙烯, 膨胀阻燃, 催化成炭, 自由基猝灭

Abstract:

A novel zirconium phosphate (ZrP) nanosheet⁃decorated polyphosphazene intumescent flame retardant (RQPZS⁃ZrP) was synthesized using hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP), caged phosphate, N⁃alkoxy hindered amine (T152), and ZrP as raw materials. The effects of RQPZS⁃ZrP content and the mass ratio of its components (T152 and ZrP) on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of polypropylene (PP) composites were investigated. With a 25 wt% RQPZS⁃ZrP loading, the PP composite achieved a UL 94 V⁃0 rating and a limiting oxygen index of 30.3 %. The peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production were reduced by 82.3 %, 45.3 %, and 48.0 %, respectively, compared to pure PP. The flame⁃retardant mechanism was systematically revealed: during combustion, the phosphazene ring and caged phosphate underwent intramolecular carbonization (via esterification, cyclization, and cross⁃linking) to form a compact intumescent char layer. This char layer acted as a barrier to mass and heat transfer, thereby inhibiting PP degradation. Simultaneously, the N⁃alkoxy hindered amine groups quenched free radicals, while the ZrP nanosheets catalyzed carbonization, promoting the formation of a robust, graphite⁃like char. Furthermore, the ZrP nanosheets served as a reinforcing skeleton, enhancing the mechanical strength and barrier properties of the char layer.

Key words: polypropylene, intumescent flame retardant, catalytic carbonization, free?radical quenching

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