Preparation and properties of lightweight and high⁃strength epoxy resin foams foamed at room temperature

doi:10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2022.10.002

Abstract

Abstract:

A type of lightweight and high⁃strength epoxy resin foams was prepared through the foaming process at normal temperature using E⁃44 epoxy resin as a matrix， polymethylsiloxane （PHMS） as a foaming agent， and N⁃N⁃ethyl piperazine as a curing agent. The effects of formula components and foaming methods on the foaming behavior and compressive properties of the epoxy resin foams were studied. The results indicated that the PMHS content influenced the foaming behavior of the foams significantly， and therefore， there was a requirement for controlling its content strictly. The foams showed a remarkable increase in cell diameter but a decrease in cell density with the addition of 3 % PMHS， leading to the deterioration of cell structure. Moreover， the incorporation of nano silica， beet （CAB⁃35）， and poly（siloxane⁃co⁃oxyolefin） copolymer （DH212） also influenced the cellular structure and mechanical strength of the foams greatly.

Key words: epoxy resin, room?temperature foaming, compressibility, cell structure

CLC Number:

TQ323.5

YANG Jin, CHEN Pengran, GAO Peixin. Preparation and properties of lightweight and high⁃strength epoxy resin foams foamed at room temperature[J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(10): 7-14.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1. Reaction formula of polymethylhydrogensiloxane and amine curing agent

Fig.2. SEM of cell structure of epoxy resin foam samples with different PMHS content

Fig.3. The influence of PMHS content on the apparent density and cell parameters of epoxy resin foam samples

Fig.4. Changes in the compressive properties of epoxy resin foam samples with different PMHS content

Fig.5. The influence of the content of nano⁃silica on the melt viscosity （25 ℃） and the density of the foaming material

Fig.6. The influence of the content of nano⁃silica on the average cell diameter and cell density of the foamed samples

Fig.7. SEM of cell structure of epoxy resin foam samples with different nano silica content

Fig.8. Comparison of specific compressive strength and modulus of epoxy resin foam samples with different nano⁃silica content

Fig.9. Effect of the content of CAB⁃35 on the density of epoxy foam samples

Fig.10. Effect of the content of CAB⁃35 on the curing rate of the epoxy resin system

Fig.11. The influence of CAB⁃35 content on the compressive properties and specific compressive properties of epoxy foam samples

Fig.12. SEM of cell structure of epoxy resin foam samples with different CAB⁃35 content

References 18

1	周伟旭，钟国阳. 热固性阻燃树脂在轨道交通中的应用［J］. 玻璃钢/复合材料， 2003（5）：53.
	ZHOU W X， ZHONG G Y. Application of thermosetting flame retardant resin in rail transit［J］. FRP/Composite Materials， 2003（5）： 53.
2	周伟旭. 碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料在轨道交通车辆车体中的应用与思考［J］. 城市轨道交通研究， 2018， 21（12）： 10⁃13.
	ZHOU W X. Application and consideration of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites in rail transit vehicle body［J］. Research on Urban Rail Transit， 2018， 21（12）： 10⁃13.
3	陈欢庆，郑水蓉，孙曼灵. 环氧泡沫塑料的研究与应用［J］. 粘接， 2009， 30（2）： 71⁃75.
	CHEN H Q， ZHENG S R， SUN M L. Research and application of epoxy foam［J］. Bonding， 2009， 30（2）： 71⁃75.
4	FAN X， ZHANG G， LI J， et al. Study on foamability and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of supercritical CO₂ foaming epoxy/rubber/MWCNTs composite［J］. Composites Part A： Applied Science and Manufacturing， 2019， 121： 64⁃73.
5	LYU J， LIU T， XI Z， et al. Cell characteristics of epoxy resin foamed by step temperature⁃rising process using supercritical carbon dioxide as blowing agent［J］. Journal of Cellular Plastics， 2018， 54（2）： 359⁃377.
6	黄赤，汪波，秦岩，等.空心玻璃微球含量对环氧复合泡沫塑料性能的影响［J］.复合材料学报，2016，33（8）：1 630⁃1 637.
	HUANG C， WANG B， QIN Y， et al. Effect of content of hollow glass microspheres on properties of epoxy composite foam［J］. Journal of Composite Materials， 2016，33 （8）： 1 630⁃1 637.
7	Ding J， Ye F， Liu Q， et al. Co⁃continuous hollow glass microspheres/epoxy resin syntactic foam prepared by vacuum resin transfer molding［J］. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites， 2019， 38（19/20）： 896⁃909.
8	Hsu C， Chang K， Huang T， et al. Preparation and studies on properties of porous epoxy composites containing microscale hollow epoxy spheres［J］. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials， 2014， 198： 15⁃21.
9	Agnihotri S， Shukla S， Pradeep S A， et al. Biobased thermosetting cellular blends： Exploiting the ecological advantage of epoxidized soybean oil in structural foams［J］. Polymer， 2019， 177：111⁃119.
10	吕镜琪，王一晨，潘鑫鑫，等. 环氧树脂发泡工艺对泡孔形态的影响研究进展［J］. 塑料工业， 2021， 49（1）： 7⁃12.
	LV J Q， WANG Y C， PAN X X， et al. Research pro⁃gress on the influence of epoxy resin foaming process on cell morphology［J］. Plastics Industry， 2021， 49（1）： 7⁃12.
11	Ren Q， Zhu S. One⁃pack epoxy foaming with CO₂ as latent blowing agent［J］. ACS Macro Letters， 2015， 4（7）： 693⁃697.
12	Wang L， Ji Y， Peng X. A new two⁃step process to prepare microcellular epoxy foams based on kinetic analysis［J］. Journal of Materials Science. 2018， 53（2）： 1 540⁃1 555.
13	Wang L， Zhang C， Gong W， et al. Preparation of microcellular epoxy foams through a limited‐foaming process： a contradiction with the time‐temperature‐transformation cure diagram［J］. Advanced Materials， 2018， 30（3）： 1703992.
14	Shafi M A， Flumerfelt R W. Initial bubble growth in polymer foam processes［J］. Chemical Engineering Science， 1997， 52（4）： 627⁃633.
15	Wu S， He L， Zhang C， et al. Visualization observation of cells growth in low⁃density polyethylene foaming processes［J］. Polymer Testing， 2017， 63： 367⁃374.
16	贺朝晖. 气泡生长的理论模拟及可视化实验台的建立［D］. 北京：北京化工大学， 2011.
17	Stefani P M， Barchi A T， Sabugal J， et al. Characterization of epoxy foams［J］. Journal of applied polymer science， 2003， 90（11）： 2 992⁃2 996.
18	Shukla S， Agnihotri S， Pradeep S A， et al. Delayed addition foaming of bio⁃epoxy blends： balancing performance requirements and sustainability［J］. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering， 2018， 6.

[1]	YANG Jin, CHEN Pengran, GAO Peixin. Preparation and flame-retardant mechanism of epoxy foams synergistically modified with DIDOPO and POSS/EG [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(9): 38-45.
[2]	TAN Liqin, LIU Weiqu, LIANG Liyan, WANG Shuo, FENG Zhiqiang, LIN Jiaming. Preparation and performance of epoxy resin modified with mercaptan polysiloxane [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 21-29.
[3]	XU Jie, ZHONG Jinfu, TONG Xiaoqian, LI Guangfu, FU Dongliang, LI Chengcheng. Preparation and performance of carboxyl⁃terminated tannic acid/gallic acid⁃based epoxy composite [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(7): 44-50.
[4]	SUN Wenbo, XIN Chunling, HE Yadong, ZHAI Yujiao, YAN Baorui. Influence of micro⁃foaming injection molding process on cell structure of glass⁃fiber⁃reinforced PBT products [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(5): 1-7.
[5]	YI Huijun, TANG Ming, ZHANG Qingyi, BAI Yinna. Study on properties of light⁃cured resin products for 3D printing [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(5): 43-46.
[6]	XU Weihua, ZHENG Yu, SHEN Xiangyang, ZHANG Yan, LIU Juwen, YAN Shijing. Effects of different POSS on properties of phosphorus⁃silicon synergistic flame retardant epoxy resin [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(4): 115-120.
[7]	LI Suyuan, LIU Huipeng, GONG Shun, HUANG Guotao, LI Yucai, WU Xin, DENG Jianping, PAN Kai. Preparation and characterization of EVA foaming materials modified with thermoplastic polyamide elastomer [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(4): 6-14.
[8]	ZHAI Yujiao, XIN Chunling, HE Yadong, YAN Baorui, QIAO Linjun. Study on process parameters for filling process of polypropylene microcellular injection molding under supercritical N₂ [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(3): 69-74.
[9]	ZHANG Xiangkai, WANG Zhimin, XIE Jianqiang. Research progress in biomass curing agents for epoxy resins [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(2): 111-124.
[10]	LIU Zhen, YU Yun, ZHANG Menghang, YIN Liuye, DUAN Yufei, HOU Guixiang. Curing kinetics and properties of gallic acid epoxy resin/ricinoleic acid⁃based polyamine thermosetting system [J]. China Plastics, 2022, 36(2): 75-81.
[11]	LIANG Mengke, QIU Jie, ZHU Yongchen, TIAN Huafeng, WU Zhipeng, LUO Zhenyang. Study on Effect of Lignin⁃based Intumescent Flame Retardant on Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression of Epoxy Resin using Cone Calorimetry [J]. China Plastics, 2021, 35(9): 103-108.
[12]	SUN Zhengmeng, ZHANG Mingxu, ZHANG Xinning, LIANG Ce, ZHANG Hailiang, LI Yunhui, MA Yuqin. Study on Thermal Stability of Bisphenol⁃A⁃Type Epoxy Matrix Composites Doped with Nano Glass Powders [J]. China Plastics, 2021, 35(9): 15-20.
[13]	PENG Fanchang, CHEN Xiaosui, ZHANG Aiqing, ZHOU Hongfu. Controllable Preparation of Hyperbranched Polyphosphoramide Coated Carbon Nanotubes and Its Application for Flame Retardancy [J]. China Plastics, 2021, 35(9): 55-63.
[14]	SI Xiaochuang, YUAN Duanpeng, LI Kai, HAO Liucheng, CHEN Rui, ZHANG Nana. Feasibility Analysis of Glass⁃fiber⁃reinforced PA66 Composites Used as Insulation Material for High Voltage Switchgear [J]. China Plastics, 2021, 35(9): 75-80.
[15]	HE Yintong, LIANG Jiaqi, LIU Lubin, XU Yue, WANG Kezhu, YU Hang, WANG Shuhui, XU Miaojun. Preparation and Applications of Water⁃resistant Flame⁃retardant Transparent Epoxy Resins [J]. China Plastics, 2021, 35(5): 6-10.