中国塑料 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (8): 28-35.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2022.08.005

• 材料与性能 • 上一篇    下一篇

四元复合体系在硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料中的逐级释放阻燃行为研究

杨智1, 奚望2,3,4(), 钱立军2,3,4, 胡立双1   

  1. 1.中北大学环境与安全工程学院,太原 030000
    2.北京工商大学化学与材料工程学院,北京 100048
    3.中国轻工业先进阻燃剂工程技术研究中心,北京 100048
    4.石油和化工行业高分子材料无卤阻燃剂工程实验室,北京 100048
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-27 出版日期:2022-08-26 发布日期:2022-08-22
  • 通讯作者: 奚望(1992—),男,讲师,从事阻燃材料研究,xiwang@btbu.edu.cn
    E-mail:xiwang@btbu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    北京市自然科学基金项目(2212027);北京工商大学青年教师科研启动基金项目(QNJJ2022?28)

Progressive flame⁃retardant actions of quaternary composite system in rigid polyurethane foams

YANG Zhi1, XI Wang2,3,4(), QIAN Lijun2,3,4, HU Lishuang1   

  1. 1.School of Environment and Safety Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030000,China
    2.College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048,China
    3.China Light Industry Advanced Flame Retardant Engineering Technology Research Center,Beijing 100048,China
    4.Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non?halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers,Beijing 100048,China
  • Received:2022-04-27 Online:2022-08-26 Published:2022-08-22
  • Contact: XI Wang E-mail:xiwang@btbu.edu.cn

摘要:

以甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)、10?(2,5?二羟基甲苯)?10?氢?9?氧杂?10?磷酰杂菲?10?氧化物(DOPO?HQ)、可膨胀石墨(EG)和氢氧化铝(ATH)构建了四元阻燃复合体系,并通过热失重分析仪(TG)、锥形量热仪、极限氧指数分析仪等研究了其在硬质聚氨酯泡沫(RPUF)中的阻燃行为。结果表明,四元阻燃体系能够在较宽温度区间内发挥逐级释放的协同阻燃效应;DOPO?HQ能够与EG/DMMP/ATH三元阻燃体系形成加合阻燃效应,使得RPUF复合材料的极限氧指数(LOI)提升至30.8 %;与采用EG/DMMP/ATH三元阻燃体系的RPUF复合材料相比,采用加入DOPO?HQ的四元阻燃体系的RPUF复合材料的热释放速率峰值(PHRR)、总热释放量(THR)、总烟释放量(TSR)均有所下降,残炭率得到了进一步提升,说明DOPO?HQ与EG/DMMP/ATH所构建的四元阻燃体系在成炭性方面具有协同效应;此外,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对残炭进行表征,验证了四元阻燃体系在凝聚相中能够发挥优异的成炭阻隔效应,并能够在燃烧的初期、中期和末期发挥逐级释放阻燃效应。

关键词: 聚氨酯泡沫, 阻燃, 猝灭效应, 协同成炭

Abstract:

A quaternary flame?retardant system was constructed using dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP), 10?(2,5?two hydroxytoluene)?10?hydrogen?9?oxygen hetero?10?phosphoryl phenylene?10?oxide (DOPO?HQ), expandable graphi?te (EG), and aluminum hydroxide (ATH) as raw material, and its flame retardant behavior in rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) was investigated using thermogravimetric analyzer, cone calorimeter, and limiting oxygen index analyzer. The results indicated that the quaternary flame retardant system exhibited a synergistic flame?retardant effect in a wide temperature range during combustion. DOPO?HQ could generate an additional flame?retardant effect with EG/DMMP/ATH ternary flame?retardant system for the RPUF composites, resulting in an increase in limiting oxygen index by 30.8%. Meanwhile, the peak heat release rate, the RPUF composites with the quaternary flame?retardant system showed a lower total heat release rate and a lower total smoke release rate than the RPUF composites with the EG/DMMP/ATH ternary flame?retardant system. Moreover, the char residue rate were further improved, indicating that a synergistic effect resulting from the quaternary flame retardant system based on DOPO?HQ and EG/DMMP/ATH. In addition, the residual char was characterized by scanning electron microscope. The quaternary flame retardant system could act as a barrier in the condensed phase to exert the progressive flame?retardant actions in the early, middle, and later stages of combustion.

Key words: polyurethane foam, flame retardancy, quenching effect, synergistic carbonization

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