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中国塑料 ›› 2023, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 77-89.DOI: 10.19491/j.issn.1001-9278.2023.02.012
黄雅婷1,2,3,4, 李连良1,2,3,4, 张翼1,2,3,4, 汤维2,3,4,5, 钱立军2,3,4,5()
收稿日期:
2022-06-16
出版日期:
2023-02-26
发布日期:
2023-02-22
通讯作者:
钱立军(1976—),男,教授,从事高分子材料、阻燃材料研究,qianlj@btbu.edu.cn基金资助:
HUANG Yating1,2,3,4, LI Lianliang1,2,3,4, ZHANG Yi1,2,3,4, TANG Wei2,3,4,5, QIAN Lijun2,3,4,5()
Received:
2022-06-16
Online:
2023-02-26
Published:
2023-02-22
Contact:
QIAN Lijun
E-mail:qianlj@btbu.edu.cn
摘要:
综述了近年来水性膨胀型钢结构防火涂料的研究进展,分析了其隔热机理,介绍了经典膨胀阻燃体系、新型协同阻燃体系和耐水性改善措施,阐述了丙烯酸树脂、环氧树脂、水性聚氨酯和有机硅等常用的成膜物质及其改性技术,并对颜填料和纳米材料的阻燃增效作用进行了详细探讨。最后,对水性膨胀型钢结构防火涂料未来的研究方向进行了展望。
中图分类号:
黄雅婷, 李连良, 张翼, 汤维, 钱立军. 水性膨胀型钢结构防火涂料研究进展[J]. 中国塑料, 2023, 37(2): 77-89.
HUANG Yating, LI Lianliang, ZHANG Yi, TANG Wei, QIAN Lijun. Research progress in waterborne intumescent flame⁃retardant coatings for steel structure[J]. China Plastics, 2023, 37(2): 77-89.
组分 | 常用物质 | 功能 |
---|---|---|
酸源 | 酸:磷酸,硼酸等。铵盐:磷酸铵,APP等。胺或酰胺的磷酸盐:尿素,三聚氰胺磷酸盐等。有机磷化物:磷酸三甲苯酯,烷基磷酸酯等。 | 促进成炭剂脱水炭化 |
炭源 | 碳水化合物:淀粉,壳聚糖等。多元醇及衍生物:PER,双季戊四醇等。高分子聚合物:酚醛树脂,环氧树脂,聚氨酯等。三嗪衍生物等。 | 泡沫炭层骨架 |
气源 | MEL,氯化石蜡 | 生成阻燃气体促进发泡 |
组分 | 常用物质 | 功能 |
---|---|---|
酸源 | 酸:磷酸,硼酸等。铵盐:磷酸铵,APP等。胺或酰胺的磷酸盐:尿素,三聚氰胺磷酸盐等。有机磷化物:磷酸三甲苯酯,烷基磷酸酯等。 | 促进成炭剂脱水炭化 |
炭源 | 碳水化合物:淀粉,壳聚糖等。多元醇及衍生物:PER,双季戊四醇等。高分子聚合物:酚醛树脂,环氧树脂,聚氨酯等。三嗪衍生物等。 | 泡沫炭层骨架 |
气源 | MEL,氯化石蜡 | 生成阻燃气体促进发泡 |
纳米材料 | 阻燃体系 | 阻燃剂含量/% | 成膜物质 | 背温、时间/℃、min | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TiO2 | APP/PER/MEL | 50 | 丙烯酸 | 289、60 | Beheshti[ |
TiO2 | APP/DPER/MEL | 65 | 环氧树脂 | 329、30 | 王珂[ |
TiO2 | APP/PER/MEL | — | 丙烯酸 | —、100 | 咸才军[ |
SiO2 | APP/PER/MEL | — | 丙烯酸 | —、110 | 咸才军[ |
TiO2@ZnO | APP/PER/MEL | 40 | — | —、118 | 邹敏[ |
SiO2 | APP/DPER/MEL | 30 | 丙烯酸 | 306、111 | Wang[ |
SiO2 | APP/PER/MEL | 50 | 丙烯酸 | 440、130 | Wang[ |
Al(OH)2 | APP/PER/MEL | 42 | 丙烯酸/环氧 | 300、70 | 张广宇[ |
蛋壳 | APP/PER/MEL | 44 | 醋酸乙烯酯 | 364、100 | Yew[ |
玄武岩 | APP/MEL/EG | 23 | 环氧树脂 | 190、60 | Yasir[ |
硫酸镁 | APP/PER/MEL/EG | 30 | 硅丙乳液 | 400、96 | 吴锦添[ |
多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs) | APP/MEL/EG | 35 | 环氧树脂 | 273、60 | Ullah[ |
LDHs | APP/PER/EN | 40 | 丙烯酸 | 400、100 | Wang[ |
LDHs⁃GL | APP/PER/MEL | — | 丙烯酸 | 350、33 | Han[ |
MgAlCO3⁃LDHs CaAlCO3⁃LDHs | APP/PER/MEL | 37.7 | 丙烯酸/氨基 | 181、60 | Hu[ |
TiO2/石墨烯 | APP/PER/MEL/EG | 50 | 环氧树脂 | 278、30 | 邵志恒[ |
GO | APP/PER/MEL | 46 | 丙烯酸 | —、120 | 李洪飞[ |
h⁃BN | APP/PER/MEL | 40.2 | 苯丙/环氧树脂 | 161、60 | Wang[ |
GO/CNTs | APP/DPER/MEL | 37 | 丙烯酸 | 289、30 | Zhan[ |
h⁃BN@PDA@Ti | MPP/DPER/MEL | 25 | 环氧树脂 | 198、60 | Yang[ |
h⁃BN@PDA@CNT | MPP/DPER/MEL | 25 | 环氧树脂 | 171、60 | Yang[ |
LDH@PDA@ZrO2 | APP/DPER/MEL | 25 | 环氧树脂 | 177、60 | Wang[ |
纳米材料 | 阻燃体系 | 阻燃剂含量/% | 成膜物质 | 背温、时间/℃、min | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TiO2 | APP/PER/MEL | 50 | 丙烯酸 | 289、60 | Beheshti[ |
TiO2 | APP/DPER/MEL | 65 | 环氧树脂 | 329、30 | 王珂[ |
TiO2 | APP/PER/MEL | — | 丙烯酸 | —、100 | 咸才军[ |
SiO2 | APP/PER/MEL | — | 丙烯酸 | —、110 | 咸才军[ |
TiO2@ZnO | APP/PER/MEL | 40 | — | —、118 | 邹敏[ |
SiO2 | APP/DPER/MEL | 30 | 丙烯酸 | 306、111 | Wang[ |
SiO2 | APP/PER/MEL | 50 | 丙烯酸 | 440、130 | Wang[ |
Al(OH)2 | APP/PER/MEL | 42 | 丙烯酸/环氧 | 300、70 | 张广宇[ |
蛋壳 | APP/PER/MEL | 44 | 醋酸乙烯酯 | 364、100 | Yew[ |
玄武岩 | APP/MEL/EG | 23 | 环氧树脂 | 190、60 | Yasir[ |
硫酸镁 | APP/PER/MEL/EG | 30 | 硅丙乳液 | 400、96 | 吴锦添[ |
多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs) | APP/MEL/EG | 35 | 环氧树脂 | 273、60 | Ullah[ |
LDHs | APP/PER/EN | 40 | 丙烯酸 | 400、100 | Wang[ |
LDHs⁃GL | APP/PER/MEL | — | 丙烯酸 | 350、33 | Han[ |
MgAlCO3⁃LDHs CaAlCO3⁃LDHs | APP/PER/MEL | 37.7 | 丙烯酸/氨基 | 181、60 | Hu[ |
TiO2/石墨烯 | APP/PER/MEL/EG | 50 | 环氧树脂 | 278、30 | 邵志恒[ |
GO | APP/PER/MEL | 46 | 丙烯酸 | —、120 | 李洪飞[ |
h⁃BN | APP/PER/MEL | 40.2 | 苯丙/环氧树脂 | 161、60 | Wang[ |
GO/CNTs | APP/DPER/MEL | 37 | 丙烯酸 | 289、30 | Zhan[ |
h⁃BN@PDA@Ti | MPP/DPER/MEL | 25 | 环氧树脂 | 198、60 | Yang[ |
h⁃BN@PDA@CNT | MPP/DPER/MEL | 25 | 环氧树脂 | 171、60 | Yang[ |
LDH@PDA@ZrO2 | APP/DPER/MEL | 25 | 环氧树脂 | 177、60 | Wang[ |
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