Materials and Properties
DANG Shuaiying, GUO Chao, ZHAO Shuo, WEI Shen, ZHANG Yidu, LIU Yanping
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In this study， injection⁃molded and blow⁃molded organic glass structural parts were investigated by analyzing their microscopic morphology， structure， and dynamic/static mechanical properties. Their cross⁃sections obtained from penetration fracture using a shaped cutting wire under different service environments were examined. The results indicated that injection⁃molded samples presented superior toughness and impact resistance， whereas blow⁃molded samples obtained higher mechanical strength. A two⁃stage failure mechanism was proposed， involving high⁃temperature⁃induced molecular chain degradation/fracture followed by shock⁃wave damage during particle penetration. This work provides insights for optimizing the molding process of organic glass structural parts and designing their service environments.
MIN Jiaxuan, JIANG Xueliang, YOU Feng, LU Gang
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33 )
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Poly（propylene carbonate） （PPC）/poly（3⁃hydroxybutyrate⁃co⁃3⁃hydroxyvalerate） （PHBV） blends were prepared via melt blending， and the effect of PHBV content on their mechanical and thermal properties were systematically investigated. The results indicated that increasing the PHBV content up to 15 wt% enhanced the tensile strength of the blend to 12.6 MPa， which is more than twice that of pure PPC. At 20 wt% PHBV， the storage modulus and loss factor of the blends were improved significantly， while their glass transition temperature increased from 16 to 20 ℃. Further increasing the PHBV content to 30 wt% raised the Vicat softening point from 33 °C to 58 ℃. Infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that hydrogen bonding interactions between PPC and PHBV restricted molecular chain mobility， thereby enhancing the mechanical and thermal stability of the blends. Fracture morphology analysis demonstrated that a 15 wt% PHBV content optimally balanced the mechanical and thermal properties of the blends.
SHENG Honghang, WU Wei, FAN Wenzhou, LI Xuehua, CHENG Hao
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32 )
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The impact resistance of six types of structural laminates was investigated using a drop hammer impact tester at varying energy levels. Post⁃impact damage characterization was performed through visual inspection and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） observation at 20 J impact energy. Results indicated that carbon/glass hybrid fiber⁃reinforced epoxy matrix （CGGG） laminates exhibited superior performance， achieving the highest ultimate load and energy absorption capacity. Key findings demonstrated that： （1） under identical fiber mixing ratios， glass fiber impact surfaces showed less fiber damage while carbon fiber surfaces facilitated greater energy absorption； （2） the non⁃impacted backside consistently displayed larger damage areas than the impact surface； and （3） SEM analysis indicated stronger carbon fiber/resin interfacial bonding compared to glass fiber counterparts. Despite this interfacial advantage， the inherent toughness of glass fibers ultimately governed the impact resistance of the laminates， rendering glass fiber composites more impact⁃resistant than carbon fiber variants. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing fiber⁃reinforced composite structures in impact⁃prone applications.
LIU Lanbin, LIU Zhaowei, SUN Jishu, GUO Yanfang, PU Xiatian
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34 )
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In this study， a modified montmorillonite high⁃viscosity composite modified asphalt （GM⁃HVA） was developed by using self⁃modified montmorillonite， styrene⁃butadiene⁃styrene （SBS）， and high⁃melting⁃point ethylene copolymer （HVA） to enhance the durability of asphalt. Through a series of comprehensive tests including viscosity⁃toughness analysis， short⁃term aging， multiple stress creep recovery， and thermal stability evaluation， GM⁃HVA was compared with conventional montmorillonite high⁃viscosity asphalt （M⁃HVA） and an imported modified asphalt containing 12 wt% TPS. Results indicated that GM⁃HVA exhibited superior thermal stability with higher viscosity， greater toughness， and significantly improved resistance to thermal oxidative aging and permanent deformation compared to M⁃HVA and the imported modified asphalt. Additional evaluation was carried out to evaluate the high⁃ and low⁃temperature stability and water damage resistance of asphalt samples through rutting tests， low⁃temperature bending tests， and immersion Marshall tests after both short⁃term and long⁃term aging. The results revealed that GM⁃HVA mixture presented the best anti⁃aging performance， and its high⁃ and low⁃temperature stability and water damage resistance were superior to the other two samples. These findings collectively demonstrate that GM⁃HVA offers superior durability compared to conventional high⁃viscosity modified asphalts.
ZHANG Yusen, TIE Rui, LI Ziming, LIAO Baosheng, GUO Runqi, JIN Yujuan, ZHANG Zhe, JIANG Suchen
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35 )
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Hyperbranched polycaprolactone （HPCL） was synthesized via ring⁃opening condensation polymerization of ε⁃caprolactone using 2，2⁃dihydroxymethylpropionic acid as the initiator and stannous octoate as the catalyst. The synthesized HPCL was characterized and subsequently incorporated into a poly（lactic acid） （PLA）/talc blend. The PLA/talc/HPCL blends were systematically evaluated using infrared spectroscopy， morphological analysis， thermal analysis， mechanical testing， and melt flow rate measurements. Results demonstrated a non⁃monotonic relationship between HPCL content and crystallinity， with the maximum crystallinity （25.14%） achieved at 4 phr HPCL loading. The HPCL addition significantly enhanced the blend's processability， exhibiting a 74.6% improvement in melt flow rate at 7 phr HPCL loading compared to the unmodified PLA/talc blend. Notably， the HPCL modification substantially improved the blend's toughness. With 7 phr HPCL， the blends revealed an increase in elongation at break by 65.27% and impact strength by 80.28% relative to the baseline PLA/talc system. These findings demonstrate HPCL's effectiveness as a multifunctional modifier for simultaneously enhancing the crystallinity， processability， and mechanical properties of PLA/talc blends.
FU Fengmei, JIN Yi, WEI Jiayu, QIU Tong, LUO Qingying, LIU Yaowen
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34 )
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This study developed an instant edible film using carboxymethyl cellulose sodium （CMC）， high⁃amylose maize starch （HAMS）， and soluble starch （SS） as the matrix， with glycerol （Gl） as a plasticizer. The material ratios were first optimized based on dissolution time， followed by film preparation via twin⁃screw extrusion， calendering， and automated packaging. Key process parameters， including extrusion temperature， rolling temperature， and heat⁃sealing conditions， were systematically evaluated for their effects on film properties. The optimal formulation （0.50 g HAMS， 0.50 g SS， 1.25 g Gl， and 4.00 g CMC） achieved the shortest dissolution time （18.86 s）. Film properties were maximized at an extrusion temperature of 70 ℃ and a rolling temperature of 100 ℃. Furthermore， heat⁃sealing at 110°C for 6 s yielded the highest sealing strength （8.61±0.52） N/（15 mm）.
ZHU Dashao, LUO Baoshu, XU Jingyi, YANG Yafeng, WANG Wucong, WANG Shengwang, CHEN Jianbo, GE Fujiong
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41 )
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This study presents a cost⁃effective conversion of a conventional 200⁃ton ENGEL injection molding machine into a microcellular foaming system through hydraulic control system modifications and screw redesign. Using a domestic environmentally friendly chemical blowing agent （FE⁃200） and general⁃purpose polystyrene， microcellular foamed parts were successfully produced with an average cell diameter of 38 μm， a foaming ratio of 1.12， and a cell density of 5.92×10⁶ cells/cm³. Flow⁃to⁃length ratio testing in a free⁃flow mold revealed that injection speed and foaming presence were the dominant factors affecting flow behavior， while chemical blowing agent concentration showed negligible influence. The demonstrated conversion approach provides an economical solution for implementing microcellular chemical foaming technology without requiring expensive specialized equipment.
LI Yan, Abulaiti Abulimiti, JIANG Yitong, LI Honghuan, Maimaitijiang Yimiti
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33 )
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This review systematically analyzes the structure⁃property relationships of lignin and highlights recent advancements in its application as a functional component in polymer systems. Finally， a critical outlook on future research directions was presented， identifying promising opportunities for developing sustainable lignin⁃based polymer technologies.
Processing and Application
JIN Qingping, ZENG Dongyao, LIU Yundie
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32 )
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This study investigates the axial compression performance of glass⁃fiber⁃reinforced polymer （GFRP）⁃reinforced concrete （CFFT） columns subjected to chloride freeze⁃thaw cycles， with a focus on the effects of initial cutting damage. A total of 24 CFFT columns were tested in a 3.5 wt% sodium chloride solution， half of which were precut to simulate initial damage. Results indicated that damaged CFFT columns entered the symptom period earlier than undamaged columns. Both types of columns exhibited bilinear load⁃strain curves under axial compression. However， as freeze⁃thaw cycles increased， the ultimate strain decreased， and ductility deteriorated. Compared to undamaged columns， the damaged ones demonstrated reduced initial stiffness， lower ductility， and an approximate 200 kN decrease in ultimate bearing capacity under the same freeze⁃thaw conditions. These findings highlight the significant impact of initial damage on the durability and mechanical performance of CFFT columns in corrosive freeze⁃thaw environments.
ZHANG Xuemin, ZHANG Xueru, LI Houbu, CHEN Yanhua, SUN Qiyao
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28 )
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In this study， the mechanical behavior of DN50/PN1.6 MPa non⁃metallic intelligent coiled tubing under internal pressure were investigated using finite element simulation. The effects of key manufacturing parameters， including fiber volume fraction in the reinforcement layer， thickness of the armored fiber optic layer， and the number of reinforcement layers， were analyzed in terms of stress distribution across structural layers and internal cables. Results showed that under an internal pressure of 2.5 MPa （1.5 times the nominal pressure）， the cables remained in an elastic deformation state， ensuring functional integrity. The tubing’s ultimate internal pressure capacity reached approximately 10 MPa， at which point functional failure occurred. Stress analysis revealed a spiral distribution in structural layers and alternating high⁃low stress patterns in the cables. Increasing the fiber volume fraction and the number of reinforcement layers significantly reduced stress on the stainless steel armor layer and cables， enhancing pressure resistance. In contrast， increasing the armor layer thickness had a marginal effect. A higher fiber volume fraction improved the reinforcement layer’s load⁃bearing capacity while reducing stress in adjacent layers. Additionally， increasing both armor thickness and reinforcement layers lowered stress across all layers， with reinforcement layers exhibiting a more pronounced influence. For optimal performance and cost efficiency， the recommended manufacturing parameters include a fiber volume fraction of 70%， 4~6 reinforcement layers， and a stainless steel armor thickness of 0.25 mm.
HU Lizhou, SUN Yinghui, JIA Yingjie, WANG Qingzhou
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35 )
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This study investigates interlayer interface failure mechanisms and mechanical properties of fiberglass⁃reinforced plastic mortar （FRPM） pipes through in⁃situ tensile testing coupled with scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and digital image correlation analysis. Experimental results indicated that failure primarily occurred through interlayer interface damage and localized cracking. Real⁃time SEM observations demonstrated a progressive failure sequence： （1） initial debonding of large， convex particles at the near⁃interface region， （2） subsequent particle interactions in adjacent areas， and （3） extensive particle/matrix interface debonding propagating into the resin matrix， ultimately causing interlayer separation. Notably， far⁃interface particles showed minimal influence on crack initiation. Digital image analysis further indicated that while far⁃interface domains experienced negligible debonding， near⁃interface regions developed significant particle/matrix separation， where continuously increasing strain fields initiated and propagated cracks. Under increasing tensile strain， specimens exhibit non⁃uniform strain distribution， with maximum strain concentration occurring in near⁃interface particle zones. Quantitative analysis established the critical damage region within 735~940 pixels from the interface.
SHANG Yunlong, WANG Donghao, REN Zhibin
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40 )
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As an eco⁃friendly pavement material， wet⁃process asphalt rubber （WPAR） aligns with the "Reduce， Reuse， Recycle" （3R） environmental strategy. This paper systematically reviewed stability challenges in WPAR during high⁃temperature storage， particularly those caused by density differences between asphalt and rubber particles. First， the preparation process of rubber asphalt was elaborated， emphasizing its environmental benefits through waste tire recycling and life⁃cycle advantages. Next， the performance characteristics and storage stability of WPAR were compared with conventional asphalt in road construction applications. The review then analyzes stability enhancement strategies through production process optimization and improved storage conditions， proposing technical solutions for industry implementation. Finally， current research gaps and future opportunities were identified， suggesting promising directions for WPAR development within the 3R framework. This work provides both theoretical guidance and practical references for sustainable pavement material research while offering novel approaches for environmental protection in transportation infrastructure.
Additive
LUAN Jinming, WEI Zihao, LIU Tianxi, YAN Shijing, XU Weihua
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37 )
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A novel thiazole⁃based organophosphorus flame retardant （D⁃P⁃A） was successfully synthesized via a one⁃pot method and its structure was characterized using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The effect of the resulting compound on flame retardancy and thermal stability were systematically evaluated in a bisphenol⁃A epoxy resin/4，4′⁃diaminodiphenylmethane curing system. Structural analysis confirmed the successful preparation of the target D⁃P⁃A compound， which exhibited remarkable char⁃forming catalytic activity. At a phosphorus loading of merely 0.8 wt%， the modified epoxy resin achieved a UL94 V⁃0 rating in vertical burning tests. Cone calorimetry demonstrated a significant improvement in fire performance， with peak heat release rate （pHRR）， average heat release rate （av⁃HRR）， and total heat release （THR） reduced by 51.2% （423.8 kW/m²）， 25.5% （189.7 kW/m²）， and 25.6% （114.1 MJ/m²）， respectively， compared to the pristine resin. Furthermore， thermogravimetric analysis revealed enhanced char residue at 800 ℃， increasing from 17.5 wt% to 21.2 wt%. These results collectively demonstrated the exceptional flame⁃retardant efficiency of D⁃P⁃A in epoxy resins， making it a promising candidate for high⁃performance fire⁃safe polymer applications.
ZHANG Ning, LI Xianming, LI Gaihua, ZHANG Hongxia, YANG Xiaochun, YU Jing
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42 )
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The surface of magnesium⁃aluminum⁃lanthanum carbonate hydrotalcite was modified via a wet method using four coupling agents： aluminum ester， titanium ester， aluminum⁃titanium composite， and silane. The effects of modification temperature and modifier dosage on activation degree were investigated. Fourier⁃transform infrared spectroscopy， X⁃ray diffraction， and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the coupling agents only modified the hydrotalcite surface organically without altering its layered crystal structure. The modified hydrotalcite significantly reduced particle agglomeration， enhancing its dispersion in poly（vinyl chloride） （PVC）. Thermal stability and mechanical properties of the PVC composites were evaluated using Congo red testing， thermal aging， thermogravimetric analysis， and mechanical testing. Results indicated that the modified hydrotalcite delayed PVC thermal degradation and improved elasticity and toughness. The aluminum⁃titanium composite coupling agent exhibited the most efficient modification， requiring the least dosage while achieving optimal performance. Compared to unmodified hydrotalcite， the initial decomposition temperature of PVC increased by 44 °C， while tensile strength and impact strength improved by 34% and 17%， respectively.
Zhou Lei
Abstract (
37 )
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A piperazine⁃melamine phosphate intumescent flame retardant （PMP） was synthesized via thermal condensation of piperazine diphosphate and melamine phosphate， and subsequently incorporated into polypropylene （PP） to prepare flame⁃retardant composites. The structure of PMP was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） and Fourier⁃transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）， with characteristic peaks at -10.45 （end⁃group P）， -23.67 （middle P） in NMR， and 867.15 cm-¹ （P—O—P） in FTIR， indicating successful polymerization. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed excellent thermal stability， with PMP and flame⁃retardant PP exhibiting T1 % at 249.8 °C and 304.6 °C， T₅% at 297.3 °C and 388.8 °C， and residual weights at 800 °C of 44.84 % and 11.95 %， respectively. The flame⁃retardant performance of PP was improved with increasing piperazine diphosphate content， yielding higher limiting oxygen index （LOI）， elongation at break， impact strength， and melt flow rate， but reduced tensile strength， flexural strength， and modulus. Higher PMP loading enhanced flame retardancy and LOI of PP but decreased its tensile strength， elongation， impact strength， and melt flow index， while increasing flexural strength， modulus， and density. Balancing flame retardancy， mechanical properties， and cost， the optimal PMP composition was 50 %~70 % piperazine diphosphate， with a recommended PP incorporation rate of 23 %~25 %.
Plastic and Environment
XIONG Kewei, ZHANG Mingming, LIU Wenjing, ZHANG Zixuan, CAO Dongwei, XIA Lei, WEI Hongmei, HUO Shufang
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28 )
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This study developed a novel composite crack⁃resistant asphalt by modifying asphalt with styrene⁃butadiene⁃styrene （SBS） and waste rubber powder， with the optimal formulation determined through response surface methodology. The optimized composition consisted of 4 wt% SBS， 15 wt% rubber powders， and 4 wt% toughening agent. Comprehensive performance evaluation was conducted using basic property tests， Brinell viscosity measurements， tensile testing， temperature scanning， and bending beam rheometry， and the results revealed superior low⁃temperature performance and tensile resistance， with exceptional ductility （54 cm） and elastic recovery （99 %）. Compared to conventional SBS/rubber powder⁃modified asphalt， the currently developed asphalt demonstrated 78 % greater ductility and 11 % improved elastic recovery. Fluorescence microscopy analysis indicated that the enhanced performance stemmed from the formation of a uniform， compact microstructure through synergistic crosslinking of multiple modifiers. This unique microstructure provides excellent resistance to temperature fluctuations and mechanical stress， making the composite particularly effective for crack prevention.
CHEN Ziqiang, ZHANG Shaocheng, ZHANG Guiming, BAI Congqi, LI Guoliang
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This study investigated the bonding mechanical properties of chip seal matrix structures under three environmental conditions （dry， natural， and moist） through laboratory testing. The development of structural strength over time was evaluated， and the optimal asphalt application rates for precoating were identified. Results indicated that moist conditions provided the most favorable environment for early⁃stage precoating， establishing it as the preferred initial construction phase for chip seals. Comparative analysis of all three conditions under controlled indoor testing was carryout out using both standard chip spreading rates and theoretically optimal asphalt application rates， and the results consistently showed superior performance in moist conditions. These findings indicate that moist environments yield the most effective construction conditions for chip seal matrix structures overall， offering practical guidance for pavement engineering applications.
SUO Shuwu, SHEN Jiyong, WANG Peng, HAO Gongxin, JING Hongjun, LI Zhigang, LI Haibin
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This study developed an innovative approach for waste plastic recycling by utilizing poly（ethylene terephthalate） （PET） powders as a modifier in asphalt mixtures through dry mixing. The road performance of PET⁃modified asphalt mixtures was systematically evaluated， including high⁃temperature stability， low⁃temperature crack resistance， and water stability using Marshall stability， rutting， and bending fatigue tests. Results indicated that PET powders significantly enhanced all key performance properties. At an optimal composition of 5.5 wt% PET powders and 1.0 wt% adhesive in mixture， the modified mixture exhibited remarkable improvements： 173.6 % increase in dynamic stability， 20.3 % and 22.9 % enhancement in flexural tensile strength and strain， respectively， along with 16.3 % and 7.9 % improvements in residual stability and strength after water immersion. These findings demonstrate that waste PET powders not only upgrades asphalt performance but also provides an effective solution for sustainable plastic waste utilization in pavement engineering.
Machinery and Mould
JIN Huajun
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The camera support component presents significant molding challenges due to its complex structure， high precision requirements， and stringent surface quality standards. To achieve optimal molding quality， the mold design incorporates several innovative features： （1） a submarine gate positioned in the moving half， enabling melt to flow through product additives via plastic sheeting； （2） a sophisticated core⁃pulling system with four side mechanisms， including two angled core⁃pullers in the moving half； and （3） an innovative adaptation of three⁃plate mold parting principles， where an angled pulling split fixed to the support plate serves as a transmission element. During operation， mold opening force between the support plate and moving half plate drives angled sliders along T⁃slots in the pulling split， achieving precise angled core⁃pulling through guided movement along the main core's angled holes. Trial results confirm the mold structure's reliability and effectiveness， producing components that meet all quality specifications.
Review
XIE Shuang
Abstract (
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Polysulfone （PSU） stands out as an exceptional engineering thermoplastic renowned for its outstanding performance. These superior properties have driven its rapidly growing market demand and diverse industrial applications. This review systematically introduced the contemporary synthesis methods for PSU membrane materials and research breakthroughs across materials engineering， biomedical devices， pharmaceutical applications， and advanced water treatment systems. The emerging trends in novel monomer designs and membrane fabrication technologies were also analyzed.
CHENG Wei, ZHAO Yongqiang, PANG Jayao, HE Yong, YU Le
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This review systematically analyzed the generation mechanisms of surface defects in fused deposition modeling （FDM） and their key influencing parameters. The effectiveness of machine learning⁃based predictive control throughout the FDM process was summarized， focusing on two critical aspects： （1） construction of process predictive control models and （2） optimization of result predictive control. Finally， urgent unresolved issues were proposed and potential future development directions were discussed.
DU Jiegui, WANG Peng, LI Yifeng, LI Hongxiang, LI Song
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34 )
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This paper reviewed the recent advances in the development of styrene⁃butadiene⁃styrene block copolymer （SBS）/graphene composite asphalt materials. First， various preparation methods for SBS/graphene and its derivatives⁃modified asphalt composites were critically analyzed. Subsequently， the effect of graphene⁃based materials on the key pavement performance characteristics of SBS⁃modified asphalt was analyzed. Finally， the underlying modification mechanisms for SBS⁃modified asphalt with graphene and its derivatives were discussed.
